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For both the lifting and lowering phase, the "elbow extensor" muscles are the antagonists (see below). During the lowering phase the elbow flexor muscles lengthen, remaining the agonists because they are controlling the load and the movement (elbow extension). The elbow flexor group is the agonist, shortening during the lifting phase ( elbow flexion). It is still the agonist, because while resisting gravity during relaxing, the triceps brachii continues to be the prime mover, or controller, of the joint action.Īnother example is the dumb-bell curl at the elbow. During the down phase of a push-up, the same triceps brachii actively controls elbow flexion while producing a lengthening (eccentric) contraction. For example, the triceps brachii contracts, producing a shortening (concentric) contraction, during the up phase of a push-up ( elbow extension). Agonists cause a movement to occur through their own activation. Īgonist muscles are also called prime movers since they produce most of the force, and control of an action. See also: Anatomical terms of motion § Flexion and extensionĪgonist muscles and antagonist muscles are muscles that cause or inhibit a movement. It is also involuntary in its movement, and is additionally self-excitatory, contracting without outside stimuli. Cardiac muscle Ĭardiac muscle is specific to the heart. Other places smooth muscle can be found are within the uterus, where it helps facilitate birth, and the eye, where the pupillary sphincter controls pupil size.
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The majority of this type of muscle tissue is found in the digestive and urinary systems where it acts by propelling forward food, chyme, and feces in the former and urine in the latter. Smooth muscle is involuntary and found in parts of the body where it conveys action without conscious intent. The widest part of a muscle that pulls on the tendons is known as the belly.Ī muscle slip is a slip of muscle that can either be an anatomical variant, or a branching of a muscle as in rib connections of the serratus anterior muscle. Skeletal muscle enables movement of bones, and maintains posture.
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Skeletal muscle, or "voluntary muscle", is a striated muscle tissue that primarily joins to bone with tendons. There are three types of muscle tissue in the body: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac.